7. Forms of Rhetoric

 



Homework revision


1. 

Class Work



The art of persuasion


Questions for discussion:

  1. What is the rhetorical triangle? Tell as much information as you know.
  2. When and why ethos is strong with your audience even before you begin to speak or write? 
  3. How do you define pathos?
  4. What are logical arguments made up of? What is the difference between valid and invalid arguments?
  5. What are examples of using all three methods of persuasion? Why?


Ethos


Questions for discussion:

  1. Why is ethos important?
  2. What are two types of ethos? Describe each of them.
  3. How may you find the speech trustworthy?
  4. What are some questions to ask when considering a rhetor's ethos?
  5. Complete the task.  

Logos


Questions for discussion:

  1. How do logos use logic?
  2. What happens when text is disorganized and unclear?
  3. What may you do if you are trying to convince someone that classical music is the best type of music? Give your example.
  4. What are some questions to ask when considering a rhetor's logos?
  5. Complete the task.


Pathos



Questions for discussion:

  1. What is pathos?
  2. What are appeals to pathos?
  3. What is meaningful when we are talking about this rhetorical appeal? Why?
  4. What are some questions to ask when considering a rhetor's pathos?
  5. Complete the task.


Kairos


Questions for discussion:

  1. What kairos is about?
  2. What is important to think about? What will the rhetor do?
  3. What is meaningful when we are talking about this rhetorical appeal? Why?
  4. What are some questions to ask when considering a rhetor's kairos?
  5. Complete the task.

Logos: Providing Evidence Reasoning

Deduction is a chain of reasoning from a generalization to a specific conclusion
Induction proceeds from the specific to the general.

deductive reasoning
Democracy always promotes the best interests of the majority of people in any decision because everyone in the group can advocate for their interests, and decisions are made by majority consensus.

inductive reasoning 
Democracy is good for the overall success of a country; many of the most powerful and prosperous nations in the world are ruled by democratic governments.

Ethos: Building Credibility

  • Explain your competence

  • Be honest and careful with speech materials

  • Show your open-mindedness

  • Show common ground with your audience

E.g.:
In fifty years of studying the governments of nations on every continent, I have found that the more democratic the government, the happier the people.

Pathos
is the appeal to the audience’s emotions. 
These can be positive emotions, like pride or hope, or negative ones, like fear or hatred.

Fallacies in Reasoning

A fallacy is reasoning that is logically incorrect, undermines the logical validity of an argument, or is recognized as unsound. 



Ethos, Pathos, & Logos in Everyday Life


Homework

1. Watch video "Inch by Inch" (Movie Any Given Sunday) and analyze it.
2. Write an outline for your own speech: chose the theme that is of interest for you and your friends; employ all four modes of persuasion (ethos, pathos, logos and kairos).